awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1921 for his explanation of the photoelectric effect and "services to Theoretical Physics". Having formulated the theory of general relativity, Einstein became famous throughout the world, an unusual achievement for a scientist. In his old age, his fame beyond the fame of all scientists in history, and in popular culture, says Einstein is considered synonymous with intelligence or even genius. His face is one of the most known around the world. In 1999, Einstein called the "People of the Century" by Time magazine. Popularity has also made the name "Einstein" is widely used in advertisements and other merchandise, and finally "Albert Einstein" is registered as a trademark. To appreciate them, a unit of the photochemical named Einstein, a chemical element named after einsteinium, and a named asteroid 2001 Einstein.
Biography
1. Youth and university
Einstein was born in Ulm in Württemberg, Germany, about 100 km east of Stuttgart. His father named Hermann Einstein, a salesman feather bed which then undergo electrochemical work, and his mother was Pauline. They were married in Stuttgart-Bad Cannstatt. Their families were of Jewish descent; Albert schooled in Catholic schools and for his mother wishes he was given violin lessons. At age five, his father showed him a pocket compass, and Einstein realized that something in space that is "empty" acted upon the needle; he would later describe the experience as one of the most evocative in his life. Although he made models and mechanical devices as a hobby, he is considered a slow learner, possibly caused by dyslexia, shyness, or because the structure of the rare and unusual in his brain (examined after his death).
At the time little Albert Einstein look retarded because his speech is very late. Quiet temperament and likes to play alone. November 1981 born sister named Maja. Until the age of seven years of Albert Einstein like mad and throwing things, including his brother.
Interest and passion for the field of physics appear at the age of five years. While I was lying weak from illness, his father presented him with a compass. Albert was fascinated by the wonders of small compass, so he made up his mind to open the veil of mystery surrounding the majesty and grandeur of nature.
Although quiet and do not like to play with his friends, Albert Einstein still able to excel in school. Raportnya good and he became the champion class. In addition to school and to cultivate the science, Albert activities was play music and sing with her mother playing the works of Mozart and Bethoveen.
Albert spent his early studies at the ETH (Eidgenoessische Technische Hochscule). At the age of 21 years Albert passed. After graduation, Albert tried to apply for a job as an assistant lecturer, but was rejected. Albert finally got a temporary job as a teacher in high school. Then he got a job at the patent office in Bern. During that time Albert continued to develop science of physics ..
He later credited to the theory of relativity to this slowness, saying that by pondering space and time than other children, he was able to develop a more developed intelligence. Another, more recent, about the mental development is that he suffers from Asperger's Syndrome, a condition associated with autism. Einstein began to study mathematics at the age of twelve years. There are rumors that he failed in mathematics in his education, but this is not true; replacement in the assessment unnerve the following year. Two of his uncle helped to develop interest in the intellectual world during the late childhood and early adolescence by providing suggestions and books on science and mathematics. In 1894, following the failure of his father's electrochemical business, the Einsteins moved from Munich to Pavia, Italy (near Milan). Albert stayed behind to finish school, finish a semester before rejoining his family in Pavia. Failure of the liberal arts portion of the Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich) in the next year is a step backwards; j him by his family sent to Aarau, Switzerland, to finish high school, where he received a diploma in 1896 , Einstein several times to register at the Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule. In the following year he took off his Württemberg citizenship, and become bekewarganegaraan.
In 1898, Einstein met and fell in love with Mileva Maric, a Serb who is a classmate (and friend of Nikola Tesla). In 1900, he was awarded a degree to teach by the Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule and was accepted as a citizen to gain further insight Switzerland in 1901. During this time Einstein discussed his scientific interests with his close friends, including Mileva. He and Mileva had a daughter named Lieserl, born in January 1902. Lieserl, at that time, was considered illegitimate because the parents were married.
2. Work and doctorate
Upon graduation, Einstein could not find a teaching job, because his brashness as a young man had apparently irritated most of his professors. The father of a classmate helped him obtain employment as a technical assistant examiner at the Swiss Patent Office dalah 1902. There, Einstein judged the inventors' patent applications for devices that require pengatahuan physics. He also learned to realize the essence of applications despite sometimes poor descriptions, and learn from the director how "to express myself properly." He occasionally rectified their design errors while evaluating the practicality of their work. Einstein married Mileva on 6 January 1903. Einstein's marriage to Mileva, a mathematician, is the personal companion and cleverness; On May 14, 1904, the couple's first child, Hans Albert Einstein, was born. In 1904, Einstein's position at the Swiss Patent Office was made permanent. He earned his doctorate after submitting his thesis "Eine neue Bestimmung der Moleküldimensionen" ("On a new determination of molecular dimensions") in 1905 from the University of Zürich.
1905 was a year full of accomplishments for Albert, because this year he produced works that are brilliant. Here are the works:March: ekipartisi papers on applications in the event of radiation, this paper is an introduction to the light quantum hypothesis based on Boltzmann statistics. Explanation of the photoelectric effect in this paper that gave him the Nobel prize in 1922.April: his doctoral dissertation about the new determination of molecular sizes. Einstein earned his PhD from the University of Zrich.May: his paper on Brownian motion.June: Paper deals famous, namely the theory of special relativity, Annalen der Physik published under the title Zur Elektrodynamik bewegter Krper (Electrodynamics of moving objects).September: the continuation of his paper in June, came to the conclusion termahsyurnya formula: E = mc2, which is that the mass of an object (m) is a measure of its energy content (E). c is the speed of light in a vacuum (c>> 300 thousand kilometers per second). Massa has the equivalence of energy, a fact that opened up opportunities of developing nuclear power projects in the future. One gram of mass is thus equal to the energy that can supply the electricity needs of 3000 homes (power 900 watts) for a full year, an amount of energy is enormous
In the same year he wrote four articles that provided the foundation of modern physics, without much scientific literature which he could appoint or many colleagues in science that he can discuss about the theory. Most physicists agree that three of those papers (on Brownian motion), the photoelectric effect and special relativity) deserved Nobel Prizes. Only the paper on the photoelectric effect would win one. It is ironic, not only because Einstein is far better known for relativity, but also because the photoelectric effect is a quantum phenomenon, and Einstein became free from the way in the quantum theory. What makes these papers remarkable is that, in each case, Einstein boldly took an idea from theoretical physics to its logical consequences and managed to explain experimental results that had baffled scientists for decades. He submitted a thesis-thesis to the "Annalen der Physik". They are usually addressed to "Annus Mirabilis Papers" (from Latin: Year incredible). Union of Pure and Applied Physics (IUPAP) plans to celebrate 100 years of the publication of Einstein's work in 1905 as the Year of Physics, 2005.
3. Brownian motion
In the first article in 1905 called "On the Motion-Required by the Molecular Kinetic Theory of Heat-of Small particles Suspended in a Stationary Liquid", includes research on Brownian motion. Using the kinetic theory of fluids at the time was controversial, he determined that the phenomenon, which still lack a satisfactory explanation decades after his after he was first observed, provided empirical evidence (based on observation and experimentation) the reality of atoms. It also lent credence to statistical mechanics, which at that time also controversial. Before this paper, atoms were recognized as a berguan concept, but physicists and chemists hotly debated whether atoms really a tangible object. Einstein's statistical discussion of atomic behavior gave experimentalists a way to count atoms by looking through an ordinary microscope. Wilhelm Ostwald, a leader of the anti-atom school, later told Arnold Sommerfeld that he had converted to complete Einstein's explanation of Brownian motion.
1909, Albert Einstein was appointed as a professor at the University of Zurich. 1915, he completed both his theory of relativity. The highest award for his hard work paid off with since childhood he took the 1921 Nobel Prize in physics. In addition Albert also developing quantum theory and unified field theory.
In 1933, Albert and his family moved to the United States for fear of his scientific activity - either as teachers or as researchers - disturbed. 1941, he took the oath as a citizen of the United States. Because of his fame and his sincerity in helping others who struggle, Albert was offered to Israel's second president. But this position was rejected because he did not have competence in that field. Finally on April 18, 1955, Albert Einstein died leaving behind great works that have changed world history.
However, Albert had wept bitterly in the liver because of his great work - general and special theory of relativity - is used as inspiration for making atomic bombs. The bomb is dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki during World War II took place.
References:
http://id.wikipedia.org
http://stevyhanny.blogspot.com
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